Association of low serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels in pregnancy with glucose homeostasis and obstetric and newborn outcomes.
Endocr Pract. 2012 May 1:1-18.
Perez-Ferre N, Torrejon MJ, Fuentes M, Fernandez MD, Ramos A, Bordiu E, Del Valle L, Rubio MA, Bedia AR, Montañez C, Calle-Pascual AL.
Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Complutense, Hospital Clinico San Carlos-IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
Aim: To evaluate the associations of maternal serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) status with glucose homeostasis and obstetric and newborn outcomes in women screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: 266 women were screened for GDM at 24-28 week of gestation during the months with maximal sunlight exposure in Spain (June to September). Serum 25-OH-D levels and parameters of glucose homeostasis were measured. Outcomes of the delivery and newborn were collected.
Results: 25-OH-D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was observed in 157 (59%) women. An inverse correlation between 25-OH-D levels and HbA1c, HOMA-IR, serum insulin, fasting and 1-hour OGTT glucose levels (p<0001) were found.
The OR for 25-OH-D < 20 ng/mL for preterm birth was 3.31 (95% CI: 1.52-7.19; p < 0.002) and for caesarean section 3.93 (95% CI: 2.00-7.73; p <0.001).
A 25-OH-D level of 20 ng/mL had 79% sensitivity and 51% specificity for caesarean section and 80% sensitivity and 45% specificity for preterm birth.
The cut points with the best combination of sensitivity and specificity were 16 ng/mL (62.9% sensitivity and 61.2% specificity) for caesarean section,
and 14 ng/mL (66.7% sensitivity and 71.0% specificity) for preterm birth.
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent during pregnancy in our population.
Lower levels of 25-OH-D are associated with disorders in glucose homeostasis and adverse obstetric and newborn outcomes. Benefits of appropriate vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy should be evaluated.
PMID: 22548949
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See also VitaminDWiki
- Pre-term 482 items as of Feb 2014
- Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D has the following summary
| IU | Cumulative Benefit | Blood level | Cofactors | Calcium | $*/month |
| 200 | Better bones for mom with 600 mg of Calcium | 6 ng/ml increase | Not needed | No effect | $0.10 |
| 400 | Less Rickets (but not zero with 400 IU) 3X less adolescent Schizophrenia Fewer child seizures | 20-30 ng/ml | Not needed | No effect | $0.20 |
| 2000 | 2X More likely to get pregnant naturally/IVF 2X Fewer dental problems with pregnancy 8X less diabetes 4X fewer C-sections (>37 ng) 4X less preeclampsia (40 ng vs 10 ng) 5X less child asthma 2X fewer language problems age 5 | 42 ng/ml | Desirable | < 750 mg | $1 |
| 4000 | 2X fewer pregnancy complications 2X fewer pre-term births | 49 ng/ml | Should have cofactors | < 750 mg | $3 |
| 6000 | Probable: larger benefits for above items Just enough D for breastfed infant More maternal and infant weight | Should have cofactors | < 750 mg | $4 |